Pasif Active dan If Clause

Pasif Active

           Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, Kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.

Contoh :

1.    Active  : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
    Passive : The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months  
2. Active  : Ayumi eats takoyaki (Ayumi makan takoyaki)
    Passive : Takoyaki is eaten by Ayumi (Takoyaki dimakan Ayumi)
3. Active  : Takeshi meets Shizuka everyday
    Passive : Shizuka is met by Takeshi everyday

IF CLAUSE

If Clause Type I

if + Simple Present, will-Future

Type I indicates what will happen, provided that a certain situation is given.

Examples:

If you send your order by fax, we will deliver the goods immediately.

If you invite me for lunch, I will help you with your presentation.

If anita have more time Anita will clean the toilet.

If Clause Type II

if + Simple Past, would + infinitive

Type II indicates what could happen if a present situation were different.

Examples:

If we had more employees, we would work more efficiently.

If we delivered poor quality, we would not be the leading company in our business.

If they told their father, he would be very angry.

If Clause Type III

if + Past Perfect, would + have + past participle

Type III indicates what could have happened in the past if a situation had been different then.

Examples:

If you had read the paper, you would have seen the advertisement.

If I had taken the bus, I would have been late.

If they hadn’t went to home, they would have found the rain

Sumber:

http://www.ego4u.com/en/business-english/grammar/conditional-sentences

http://khydayme.blogspot.com/2011/04/conditional-sentences-if-clause.html

http://aldianferla.blogspot.com/2013/05/pengertian-rumus-contoh-passive.html http://anniskartika.blogspot.com/2011/03/pengertian-active-dan-passive-voice.ht

http://eiindah.blogspot.com/2013_06_01_archive.html

Soal Toefl

1.                  Many communities are dependent on groundwater __________ from wells for

their water supply.

a. that obtained

b. obtained

c. is obtained

d. obtain it

Answer : B (obtained)

The only correct way to complete this sentence is with a participle (obtained really means which is obtained).

2.                  Not only ____________________ places of beauty, but they also serve scientific and

educational purposes as well.

a. are botanical gardens

b. botanical gardens to be

c. botanical gardens are

d. to be botanical gardens

Answer : A (are botanical gardens)

A main verb, such as are, is required to complete the clause (to be is not a main verb), and the subject and verb must be inverted because the clause begins with the negative phrase not only.

3.            Would you mind.....for a minute

                  a.       Waiting

                  b.      To wait

                  c.       Wait

                  d.      That i wait

            Jawaban          : C. Wait

            Alasan             : would you mind + gerund

                                      Would you mind...is followed by a gerund and is used for a request

4.            He threw a vase at the burglar but... him.

                  a.        Shot

                  b.        Fired

                  c.        Missed

                  d.        Hi
            Jawaban          : C. Missed

            Alasan             : To miss

                                    To fire = to shoot off bullets / arrows

`                                   To miss = to fail to hit

                                    To hit = to brings something hard against.

5.            She’s young and full...life

                  a.       With

                  b.      Having

                  c.       Of

                  d.      A long with

            Jawaban          : C. OF

 Alasan             : to be “OF” is used with the preposition; to be full of the stadium is full of people. 

6.            He spends his time .... after grils.

                  a.       Running

                  b.      To run

                  c.       Ran

                  d.      Runs

            Jawaban          : a. Running

            Alasan             : spendtime doing sth

                                      Here you are asked about the pattern ‘spend time doing sth’.

7.            We don’t know ..... we have to change planes or not.

                  a.       If  

                  b.      Until

                  c.       That

                  d.      When

                            Jawaban   : A. If

                            Alasan     : Indirect question

                                              Here the conjunction “IF” indriduces an indirect question.

8.            L like vienna, but i wish it ... a bit hooter

                  a.       Is

                  b.      Were

                  c.       Becomes

                  d.      Became

            Jawaban          : B. Were

            Alasan             : Wish clause “we don’t use simple present tense in wish -  clause.

9.            He rarely gets drunk.....?

                  a.       Doesn’t he

                  b.      Does he

                  c.       Won’t be

                  d.      Will be

            Jawaban          : B. Does he

Alasan              :  we form tgas with an auxiliary (e.g. do, have, did or a modal (e.g. can, must, should) plus apronoun (e.g. he, she, it).

10.        She’s too tired to go....

                  a.       Shooping

                  b.      To shop

                  c.       Shop

                  d.      For shopping

            Jawaban          : A. Shopping

            Alasan             :   got gerund

                                      We can use gerund to talk about things we go out to do.

11.        I know a man called rupert .... house is near ypurs

                  a.       Who

                  b.      Whom

                  c.       That

                  d.      Whose

            Jawaban          : D. Whose

            Alasan             : relative clauses – possession case

                       Here you are asked whether you know the relative clause   or not.

12.         Some...don’t like such jokes.

                  a.       Child

                  b.      Man

                  c.       Woman

                  d.      People

            Jawaban          : D. People

            Alasan             : some – countable and uncountable nouns some can be followed by both a countable and an uncountable noun.

13.        Not only ____________________ places of beauty, but they also serve scientific and

educational purposes as well.

(A) are botanical gardens

(B) botanical gardens to be

(C) botanical gardens are

(D) to be botanical gardens

Answer : A (are botanical gardens)

 A main verb, such as are, is required to complete the clause (to be is not a main verb), and the subject and verb must be inverted because the clause begins with the negative phrase not only.

14.        Many communities are dependent on groundwater __________ from wells for their  

water supply.

(A) that obtained

(B) obtained

(C) is obtained

(D) obtain it

Answer : B (obtained)

 The only correct way to complete this sentence is with a participle (obtained really meanswhich is obtained).

15.        Before starting on a sea voyage, prudent navigators learn the sea charts, __, and  

memorize lighthouse locations to prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter.

(A) Sailing directions are studied

(B) Study the sailing directions

(C) To direct sailing studies

(D) Studies direct sailing

Answer : (B) Study the sailing studies

Grammar : Gerund

Sumber :

-         http://ardikahenrisal.blogspot.com/2012/04/contoh-soal-toefl-dan-pembahasannya.html

-         http://dedefadhillah.blogspot.com/2013/04/contoh-soal-toefl-beserta-jawaban-dan.html