1.
Simple
Present Tense
Simple
Present Tense adalah bentuk waktu
yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau kegiatan yang
berlangsung/terjadi pada waktu sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana, kegiatan atau
pekerjaan yang dilakukan berulang-ulang, kebiasaan sehari-hari, peristiwa atau
perbuatan yang tidak ada kaitannya dengan waktu, dan untuk mengekspresikan
kebenaran umum.
Rumus dan Contoh
Kalimat Simple Present Tense
Mengekspresikan
kalimat Simple Present Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja (VERB)
(+) Subject + Verb 1 + Object
(-) Subject + DON'T / DOESN'T + Verb 1 + Object
(?) DO / DOES + Subject + Verb 1 + Object?
(?) Question Word + DO/ DOES + Subject
+ Verb 1?
Contoh :
(+) I speak English everyday
She
speaks English everyday
- (- ) I don't
speak English
She
doesn't speak English
(?) Do you speak English?
Jawaban: Yes I do, atau No, I
don't
(?) Does she speak English?
Jawaban:
Yes She does, atau No, She doesn’t
Fungsi Simple Present
Tense pada kalimat verbal
Menyatakan suatu
perbuatan yang menjadi kebiasaan atau yang dilakukan pada waktu-waktu tertentu
(Habitual Action), contohnya:
We study hard
everyday.
She visits the library
twice a month.
Menyatakan suatu
kebenaran atau kenyataan umum, atau suatu kebenaran yang dianggap terjadi terus-mnerus
(The General Truth), contohnya:
A year has twelve
months.
The sun rises in the
East.
Mengekspresikan
kalimat Simple Present Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja (Non VERB)
+ Subject + To be 1 + Non Verb +
Object
-
Subject + To be 1 + NOT + Non Verb +
Object
? To be 1 + Subject + Non Verb +
Object?
? Question Word + To be 1 + Subject
+ Non Verb + Object?
Contoh :
I am a teacher. (+)
She
is a teacher. (+)
- I am not a
teacher. (-)
She is not a teacher (-)
Jawaban: Yes I am, atau No, I am
not
Is she a teacher? (?)
Jawaban: Yes She is, atau No, She
is not
Fungsi Simple Present
Tense pada kalimat nomial
Untuk menyatakan suatu
keadaan yang sedang berlangsung saat ini atau sekarang atau perbuatan yang
merupakan suatu kebiasaan, contohnya:
I am a teacher.
They are here now.
Untuk menyatakan
kebenaran umum, tetapi dalam kalimat nominal ini tidak digunakan keterangan
waktu, contohnya:
Ice is cold.
Fire is hot.
Keterangan waktu untuk
Simple Present Tense yang digunakan adalah:
Every hour, every
minute, every morning, everyday, in the morning, once a week, on Sunday, at
five o’clock and so on
2.
Present Perfect Tense
Present
Perfect Tense adalah bentuk waktu
yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan, keadaan atau peristiwa yang
terjadi di masa lampau. Dan pada saat berbicara kegiatan/perbuatan tersebut
telah selesai dilakukan.
Mengekspresikan kalimat Present Perfect Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja (VERB)
+Subject + Have/Has + Verb 3 +
Object
-Subject + Have/Has + NOT + Verb 3 +
Object
?Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 +
Object?
?Question Word + Have/Has + Subject
+ Verb 3 + Object?
Contoh :
(+)I have lived here for 2 years.
(-)I have not (haven't) lived here for
2 years.
(?)Have you lived here for 2 years?
Jawaban:
Yes, I have, atau No, I have not (haven't)
(?)Why Have you lived here for 2
years?
Who
has killed her father?
Mengekspresikan
kalimat Present Perfect Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja (Non VERB)
(+)Subject + Have/Has + To be 3 + Non
Verb + Object
(-)Subject + (Have/Has + NOT) + To be
3 + Non Verb + Object
(?)Have/Has + Subject + To be 3 + Non
Verb + Object?
(?)Question Word + Have/Has +
Subject + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object?
Contoh :
(+)She has been here for 4 hours
(-)She has not (hasn't) been here for
4 hours
(?)Has she been here for 4 hours?
(?)Where have you been for the last 4
hours
Fungsi Present Perfect Tense
Menyatakan suatu
kegiatan yang baru saja terjadi hingga hasilnya atau akibatnya dari tindakan
tersebut masih dapat dilihat hingga saat dibicarakan, contohnya:
She has written a
letter.
Artinya: dia sudah
menulis surat.
Menyatakan suatu
kegiatan yang telah selesai pada saat yang tidak tertentu diwaktu lampau,
tetapi waktu terjadi peristiwa tersebut tidak dipentingkan. Yang paling penting
adalah hasil dari perbuatannya sekarang, contohnya:
She has locked the
door, and now we can’t open it.
Artinya: dia sudah
mengunci pintu, dan sekarang kita tidak dapat membuka pintunya.
Menyatakan suatu
kegiatan yang telah terjadi tetapi waktu terjadinya persitiwa tersebut belum
selesai, contohnya:
I have written this
letter this week.
Artinya: Saya sudah
menulis surat ini pada minggu ini (tidak tepat kapan hari/jam pebuatannya).
Menyatakan suatu
kegiatan ulangan yang tidak tertentu sebelum sekarang. Pada umunya bentuk
kalimat ini sering diikuti oleh before, ever, already,
never, yet, contohnya:
I have heard this
before.
Artinya: saya sudah
mendengar ini sebelumnya.
Menyatakan suatu
kegiatan yang telah terjadi di masa lampau dan masih terjadi pada saat sekarang
dan akan datang, contohnya:
I have been here since
yesterday.
Artinya: saya sudah di
sini sejak kemarin (dan sampai sekarang masih tetap disini/ di lokasi yg sama).
Menunjukkan suatu
kegiatan yang selesai dalam waktu singkat. Pada umumnya digunakan kata-kata at last, finally, just, contohnya:
I have just meet him.
Artinya: saya sudah
(baru saja) bertemu dia.
Keterangan waktu untuk Present Perfect Tense yang digunakan adalah:
since yesterday, since
two days ago, since last week, for three days, for three weeks, and so on.
3.
Present
Continuous Tense
Present Continuous Tense juga disebut Present Progressive Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan suatu perbuatan, keadaan atau peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada
saat dibicarakan.
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Present Continuous Tense
(+)Subject + To be 1 + (Verb + ing) + Object
(-)Subject + To be 1 + NOT + (Verb + ing) + Object
(?)To be 1 + Subject + (Verb + ing) +
Object ?
(?)Question Word + To be 1 + Subject + (Verb
+ ing) + Object ?
Contoh :
(+)We are studying now
(-)We are not (aren't) studying now.
(?)Are
you studying now?
Jawaban: Yes I am, atau I, am not
Jawaban: I am studying now
Who is studying English?
Jawaban: She
is studying English
Keterangan waktu untuk Present Continuous Tense yang digunakan adalah:
Now, at present, right now, at the morning,
this afternoon, this morning, today, nowdays, for the time being and so
on.
4. Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous Tense atau Past Perfect Progressive Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang
digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang telah
berlangsung selama beberapa saat ketika terjadi peristiwa atau perbuatan
lainnya dimasa lampau. Peristiwa yang terjadi atau berlangsung lebih dulu
dinyatakan dalam bentuk Past Perfect Continuous Tense, sedangkan peristiwa yang
terjadi berikutnya (peristiwa) dinyatakan dalam bentuk Simple Past Tense.
Rumus dan Contoh
Kalimat Past Perfect Continuous Tense
(+) Subject + Had + been + (Verb + ING) +
Object
(-) Subject
+ Had + NOT + been + (Verb + ING) + Object
(?) Had + Subject + been + (Verb + ING) +
Object?
(?) Question Word + Had + Subject + been +
(Verb + ING) + Object?
Contoh:
(+) How long had he been playing Xbox
when his mother went to market?
(-)
Had you been looking news on television for this evening?
Jawaban:
Yes, I had, atau No, I had not.
(?) I had not been feeling so good, my
body was tired.
(?) He had been looking for the thief
for two years before he caught him.
5.
Simple Past Tense
Simple Past Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau kegiatan yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan waktu
terjadinya persitiwa itu telah diketahui.
Rumus dan Contoh
Kalimat Simple Past Tense
Mengekspresikan
kalimat Simple Past Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja (VERB)
(+)Subject + Verb 2 + Object
(-)Subject + DID NOT (DIDN'T) + Verb 1
+ Object
(?)DID + Subject + Verb 1 + Object ?
(?)Question Word + DID + Subject +
Verb 1 ?
Contoh :
(+)He bought a pair
of shoes yesterday.
(-)He didn't buy a pair of shoes
yesterday
(?)Did he buy a pair of shoes
yesterday?
Jawaban: Yes He did, atau No, He
did not (didn't)
(?)Why did he buy a pair of shoes
yesterday?
Pada contoh kalimat
positif diatas menggunakan kata kerja bought (bentuk Verb 2 dari katabuy). Hanya pada kalimat positif saja Verb 2 digunakan.
Fungsi Simple Past Tense pada kalimat verbal
Biasanya digunakan
untuk menyatakan suatu keadaan yang telah dilakukan diwaktu lampau dan selesai
pada saat itu juga atau untuk menggambarkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi pada
saat tertentu diwaktu lampau, contohnya:
She finished my
homework in the library yesterday.
They worked with me
two months ago.
Mengekspresikan
kalimat Simple Past Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja (Non VERB)
+Subject + To be 2 + Non Verb +
Object
-Subject + To be 2 + NOT + Non Verb
+ Object
?To be 2 + Subject + Non Verb +
Object?
?Question Word + To be 2 + Subject +
Non Verb + Object?
Contoh :
+I was a singer 5 years ago.
We were a singer 5 years ago.
-I was not a singer 5 years ago.
We were not a singer 5 years ago.
?Were you a singer 5 years ago?
Jawaban: Yes I was, atau No, I
was not
?Where were you last night?
Jawaban: I was at home.
Why was she absent yesterday?
Jawaban: She was sick yesterday
Fungsi Simple Past Tense pada kalimat nomial
Biasanya digunakan
untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan diwaktu lampau tetapi tidak berlangsung lagi
sekarang, contohnya:
When I was young, I
worked hard
Keterangan waktu untuk Simple Past Tense yang digunakan adalah:
yesterday, last night,
last week, yesterday morning, an hour ago, two days ago, and so on.
6.
Future Continuous Tense
Future Continuous Tense atau Future Progressive Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau
perbuatan yang akan sedang berlangsung di
waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Future Continuous Tense
(+)Subject + WILL / SHALL + be + (Verb + ING) +
Object
(-)Subject + WILL / SHALL + NOT + be
+ (Verb + ING) + Object
(?)WILL / SHALL + Subject + be + (Verb +
ING) + Object ?
(?)Question Word + WILL / SHALL + Subject
+ be + (Verb + ING) + Object?
Contoh :
(+)He will be talking for the business
until ten o’clock.
I will be working at 10 am.
(?)Will
she be playing tennis tomorrow?
Jawaban: Yes I will, atau No, I will not (won't)
(?)What
will you be doing at 10 pm tonight?
CATATAN:
Kata "Shall" hanya digunakan untuk Subject “I” dan “we” saja.
Keterangan waktu untuk Future Continuous Tense yang digunakan adalah:
At this time tomorrow, from seven to nine tonight, soon, etc.
7.
Future Perfect Tense
Future
Perfect Tense adalah bentuk waktu
yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang akan telah
terjadi atau akan telah selesai dilakukan diwaktu tertentu di masa yang akan
datang.
CATATAN:
Pada Future Perfect Tense semua subject menggunakan kata “Have” sebagai Auxiliary Verb.
Kata "Shall" hanya digunakan untuk Subject “I” dan “we” saja.
Rumus dan Contoh
Kalimat Future
Perfect Tense
Mengekspresikan
kalimat Future Perfect Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja (VERB)
(+)Subject + WILL / SHALL + Have
+ Verb 3 + Object
(-)Subject + WILL / SHALL +
NOT + HAVE + Verb 3 + Object
(?)WILL / SHALL + Subject
+ HAVE + Verb 3 + Object ?
(?)Question Word + WILL /
SHALL + Subject + HAVE + Verb 3 + Object ?
Contoh :
(+)You will have finished the work, by
the end of this month.
(-)She will not have gone to home by
10 am.
Jawaban: Yes I will,
atau No, I will not (won't)
(?)Shall he have prepared my motorcycle
if all of my friends will go by next day?
Jawaban: Yes he shall, atau
No, he shall not
Mengekspresikan
kalimat Future Perfect Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja (NON VERB)
(+)Subject + WILL / SHALL
+ HAVE + Been + Non Verb + Object
(-)Subject + WILL / SHALL +
NOT + HAVE + Been + Non Verb + Object
(?)WILL / SHALL + Subject
+ HAVE + Been + Non Verb + Object ?
(?)Question Word
+ WILL/SHALL + Subject + be + Non Verb + Object ?
Contoh :
(+)By next year, I will have been here
for work
(-)He will not (won't) have
been by the end of this day.
Jawaban: Yes I will,
atau No, I will not (won't)
(?)Shall he have been at home by the
dinner time?
Jawaban: Yes he shall, atau
No, he shall not
Keterangan waktu untuk Future Perfect Tense yang digunakan adalah:
By next month, by the
next year, by the end of this month, by the end of this day, by the end of this
year, etc.
8.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Future Perfect Continuous Tense atau Future Perfect Progressive Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang
akan telah sedang
berlangsung diwaktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang. Future Perfect Continuous Tensemenekankan durasi suatu kegiatan yang akan berlangsung sebelum
waktu lain atau peristiwa di masa mendatang.
CATATAN
Terkadang antara Future Perfect Tense dengan Future Perfect
Continuous Tensememberi arti yang sama. Perhatikan bahwa kegiatan
yang diungkapkan oleh salah satu atau kedua tenses mungkin
mulai di masa lalu, seperti:
When Professor Jones retires next
month, he will have taught for 45 years.
When Professor Jones retires next
month, he will have been teaching for 45 years.
“Terkadang kita menggunakan
kata Shall hanya untuk Subject “I” dan “we”.
Rumus dan Contoh
Kalimat Future Perfect
Continuous Tense
(+)Subject + Will / Shall + Have
+ been + (Verb + ING) + Object
(-)Subject + Will /
Shall + NOT + Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object
(?)Will / Shall + Subject
+ Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object ?
(?)Question Word + Will /
Shall + Subject + Have + been + (Verb +
ING) + Object ?
Contoh :
(+)We will have been practicing the
examination by next month.
We shall have been sleeping before
the morning comes.
Jawaban: Yes, they will / No, they
will not (won’t)
9.
Simple
Past Future Tense
Simple
Past Future Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau
perbuatan yang akan terjadi atau dilakukan di masa lampau, tetapi perbuatan
tersebut tidak jadi dilakukan karena sebab tertentu. Perhatikan contoh berikut:
We would come to his
house but it rained very hard yesterday.
Fungsi Lain Simple Past Future Tense
Simple
Past Future Tense juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu
peristiwa atau perbuatan yang terjadi atau dilakukan secara berulang-ulang atau
sudah menjadi kebiasaan di masa malpau, penggunaan kata “would” dalam kalimat biasanya menunjukkan bahwa
pembicara ingin sesuatu terjadi di masa depan, mungkin atau tidak mungkin
menjadi kenyataan.
Rumus dan Contoh
Kalimat Simple Past Future Tense
Mengekspresikan
kalimat Simple Past Future Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja (VERB)
(+)Subject + Should / Would +
Verb 1 + Object
(-)Subject + Should / Would + NOT
+ Verb 1 + Object
(?)Should / Would + Subject + Verb 1 +
Object?
(?)Question Word + Should / Would
+ Subject + Verb 1 + Object?
Contoh :
(+)I wish you would come to my house
to my house, because it’s my birthday.
(-)She should not visit your house because
she hates you.
(?) The day was very hot. Would it stop at the time?
Jawaban: Ye , It would, atau
No, It would not (wouldn’t)
(?)Why would you write those
letters for her?
Mengekspresikan
kalimat Simple Past Future Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja (Non VERB)
(+)Subject + Should / Would + be
+ Object
(-)Subject + Should / Would + NOT
+ be + Object
(?)Should / Would + Subject
+ be + Object?
(?)Question Word + Should /
Would + Subject + be + Object?
Contoh :
(+)I would be a famous singer if I
didn’t reject the contract two months ago.
We should be a winner in the game of
football last year.
(-)These students would not be better
in education.
(?)Should you be better in your day by
day?
Jawaban: Yes, I should atau No, I should not (shouldn’t)
(?)Why would you be a great
writer?
Keterangan waktu untuk
Simple Past Future Tense yang digunakan adalah:
yesterday, last night,
last week, last
year, before,
and so on.
10.
Past Future Continuous Tense
Past Future Continuous Tense atau Past Future Progressive Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau
perbuatan yang akan sedang berlangsung atau akan sedang dilakukan di waktu
tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Past Future Continuous Tense menggunakan induk kalimat yang berbentuk Simple PastTenseuntuk
menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan sedang berlangsung di waktu tertentu di
masa lampau atau untuk menyatakan suatu dugaan atau perkiraan akan suatu
peristiwa atau perbuatan yang akan sedang berlangsung di waktu tertentu di masa
lampau.
Rumus dan Contoh
Kalimat Past Future Continuous Tense
(+)Subject + Should / Would + be
+ (Verb + ING) + Object
(-)Subject + Should / Would + NOT
+ be + (Verb + ING) + Object
(?)Should / Would + Subject + be +
(Verb + ING) + Object?
(?)Question Word + Should / Would
+ Subject + be + (Verb + ING) + Object?
Contoh :
He would be preparing his car from
twelve with Jack to three yesterday noon.
They should be studying the lesson
in my college for examination last hours.
My mother would be cooking
vegetables at this hour yesterday morning.
(+)They told me that they wouldn’t be
giving the present yesterday morning.
(-)They shouldn’t be sleeping here.
They should be studying the lesson now.
Jawaban: Yes, I would be
going with Mrs. Anna from six to seven yesterday for studying.
(?)When your mother cooked. Should you
be helping her busy to nine yesterday morning?
Jawaban: No, I shouldn’t be
helping my mother. I should be studying to nine at this yesterday morning
(?)When you should be studying
mathematics last night?
Keterangan waktu untuk
Past Future Continuous Tense yang digunakan adalah:
yesterday, last night,
last week, last
year, yesterday
evening, yesterday night and
so on
11.
Past Future Perfect Tense
Past Future Perfect Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang akan telah terjadi atau akan
telah dilakukan di waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
CATATAN:
Pada Past Future Perfect Tense semua subject menggunakan kata “Have” sebagai Auxiliary Verb.
Rumus dan Contoh
Kalimat Past Future Perfect Tense
Mengekspresikan
kalimat Past Future Perfect Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja (VERB)
(+)Subject + Would /
Should + Have + Verb 3 + Object
(-)Subject + Would /
Should + NOT + Have + Verb 3 + Object
(?)Would / Should +
Subject + Have + Verb 3 + Object?
(?)Question Word + Would /
Should + Subject + Have + Verb 3 + Object?
Contoh :
(+)Anna would have finished her
college by the time. I finished my college in the university two years ago.
(?)Should my father have worn jeans to
the party yesterday night?
(?)How long would you have waited her
in in the park? The weather was very cool last night.
Mengekspresikan
kalimat Past Future Perfect Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja (NON VERB)
(+)Subject + Would /
Should + Have + been + Object
(-)Subject + Would /
Should + NOT + Have + been + Object
(?)Would / Should +
Subject + Have + been + Object?
(?)Question Word + Would /
Should + Subject + Have + been + Object?
Contoh :
(+)My brother looked for his stuff. He
would have been here yesterday night
(-)The flowers should not have been
wilted last night.
(?)Would this novel have been here?
(?)How many hours should Mr. Jim have
been at the office by the end of this week?
Keterangan waktu untuk Past Future Perfect Tense yang digunakan adalah:
By next month, by the
next year, by the end of this month, by the end of this day, by the end of this
year, etc
12.
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense atau Past Future Perfect Progressive Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang akan telah sedang berlangsung di
waktu yang akan datang dimasa lampau.
CATATAN:
Pada Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense semua subject menggunakan kata “Have”sebagai Auxiliary Verb.
Rumus dan Contoh
Kalimat Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(+)Subject + Would /
Should + Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object
(-)Subject + Would /
Should + NOT + Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object
(?)Would / Should +
Subject + Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object?
(?)Question Word + Would /
Should + Subject + Have + been + (Verb + ING) +
Object?
Contoh :
(+)My mother would have been resigning
in this institute for two months by the time, I finished the college three
months ago.
The road was dark. By the time we
should have been arriving to home last night.
Sarah should have been looking happy
for the gift last night.
(-)He would not have been staying for
live in here for two years ago.
When it rain. I should not have been
going to the cinema at time ago.
You shouldn’t have been sleeping
here last night?
(?)Would they have been surrendering
their country for the world peace in the last year ago?
Jawaban: No, they wouldn’t
have been surrendering. They would have been defending their country for the
world peace in the last year ago.
(?)When should john have been climbing
a big mountain?
Jawaban: John should have been
climbing a big mountain with this friends last year.
Keterangan waktu untuk Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense yang digunakan adalah:
For, By next month, by
the next year, by the end of this month, by the end of this day, by the end of
this year, etc
13.
Past Continuous Tense
Past Continuous Tense atau Past Progressive Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk
menunjukkan dua kejadian yang terjadi pada saat yang bersamaan, tetapi satu
kejadian terjadi lebih awal dan masih sedang berlangsung ketika kejadian kedua
terjadi.
CATATAN
Pada penggunaan Past Continuous Tense kata kerja yang digunakan harus diakhiri
dengan -ing
/ (Verb + ing). Bentuk waktu Past Continuous Tense menggunakan jenis "TO BE 2" (was/ were).
Was untuk subject: I, she, he, it.
Were untuk subject: you, they, we.
Rumus dan Contoh Past Continuous Tense
(+)Subject + To be 2 + (Verb + ing) +
Object
(-)Subject + To be 2 + NOT + (Verb +
ing) + Object
(?)To be 2 + Subject + (Verb +
ing( + Object ?
(?)Question Word + To be 2 + Subject
+ (Verb + ing) + Object ?
Contoh :
(+)I was walking down the street when
it began to rain.
When i was in the park, the sun was
shining
(-)It was not raining when i went to
the market last night.
They were not playing football when
you were not at home.
(?)Was he studying when I arrived at
home?
Jawaban: Yes he was, atau he, was
not
(?)Why were you reading that book?
What was she doing with this
document when all the staff went home?
Fungsi Past Continuous Tense
Terkadang Past Continuous Tense digunakan pada dua
bagian dalam satu kalimat dimana ketika dua kejadian sama-sama berlangsung
secara bersamaan, contohnya:
While I was studying in one room of our apartment, my roomate was having a party in the other room.
(Artinya: Ketika saya
sedang belajar di salah satu kamar di apartemen kita, teman sekamar saya sedang
berpesta di ruangan lainnya.)
Dalam beberapa kasus, Simple Past Tense dan Past Continuous Tense hampir memberikan makna yang sama, contohnya:
It rained this morning. (Artinya: tadi pagi hujan)
It was raining this morning. (tadi pagi sedang hujan)
14.
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk
menunjukkan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang dimulai atau terjadi dimasa lampau
dan terus berlangsung ataupun selesai dimasa lampau berikutnya.
Fungsi Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense juga berfungsi sebagai pengganti Simple
Past Tense apabila digunakan
untuk mengacu atau menunjukkan peristiwa atau perbuatan masa lampau yang
terjadi dalam jangka waktu tertentu.
Past Perfect Tense menggunakan jenis "TO BE 3" and "VERB 3"
TO BE 3 adalah: been
I, You, They, We, He, She, It (Been)
I, You, They,We, He, She, It (Had)
CATATAN
TO
BE 3 (been) digunakan ketika suatu
kalimat tidak ada unsur kata kerja (NON VERB).
Untuk semua jenis
kalimat, baik positif, negatif, atau kalimat tanya pada Present Perfect Tensemenggunakan VERB 3.
Rumus dan Contoh
Kalimat Past Perfect
Tense
Mengekspresikan
kalimat Past Perfect Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja (VERB)
(+)Subject + Had + Verb 3 +
Object
(-)Subject + Had + NOT +
Verb 3 + Object
(?)Had + Subject + Verb 3 +
Object?
(?)Question Word + Had + Subject
+ Verb 3 + Object?
Contoh :
(+)My parents had already eaten by the
time I got home.
(-)Sam had not left when we got there.
(?)When your son was in the junior
high school, Had you lived there?
Jawaban: Yes I had,
atau No, I had not.
Mengekspresikan
kalimat Present Perfect Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja (Non VERB)
(+)Subject + Had + To be 3 +
Non Verb + Object
(-)Subject + (Had + NOT) + To be
3 + Non Verb + Object
(?)Had + Subject + To be 3 + Non
Verb + Object?
(?)Question Word + Had +
Subject + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object?
Contoh :
(+)The sky had been clear after the
storm was disappeared.
(-)She
had not been there when I arrived in my home.
(?)Had she been here for 4 hours?
(?)How long had you
been in Anna’s house?
Catatan Tambahan
Jika menggunakan
keterangan waktu baik “after” atau “before” dalam suatu kalimat,
penggunaan Past
Perfect Tense tidak begitu
diperlukan jika memang hubungan waktunya sudah sangat jelas. Dan Simple Past Tense bisa digunakan untuk kalimat tersebut,
perhatikan contoh kalimat di bawah ini:
Sam had left before we got there (Past Perfect Tense) bisa dirubah menjadi: “Sam left before we got there”. (Simple Past Tense)
15.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense atau Past Perfect Progressive Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang telah berlangsung selama
beberapa saat ketika terjadi peristiwa atau perbuatan lainnya dimasa lampau.
Peristiwa yang terjadi atau berlangsung lebih dulu dinyatakan dalam bentuk Past Perfect Continuous Tense, sedangkan peristiwa yang terjadi berikutnya
(peristiwa) dinyatakan dalam bentuk Simple Past Tense.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense menggunakan jenis "TO BE 3" (been),
I, You, They, We, He, She, It (Been)
I, You, They,We, He, She, It (Had)
CATATAN
Untuk semua jenis
kalimat, baik positif, negatif, atau kalimat tanya pada Past PerfectContinuous Tense menggunakan TO BE 3 (been) diikuti dengan VERB + ING.
Rumus dan Contoh
Kalimat Past Perfect Continuous Tense
(+)Subject + Had + been +
(Verb + ING) + Object
(-)Subject + Had + NOT
+ been + (Verb + ING) + Object
(?)Had + Subject + been
+ (Verb + ING) + Object?
(?)Question Word + Had +
Subject + been + (Verb + ING) + Object?
Contoh:
(+)He had been looking for the thief
for two years before he caught him.
(-)I had not been feeling so good, my
body was tired.
(?)Had you been looking news on
television for this evening?
Jawaban: Yes, I had,
atau No, I had not.
(?)How long had he been playing Xbox
when his mother went to market
Penggunaan kata “had” disini boleh singkat dalam penulisannya sama
seperti kata “have”, contohnya:
I’d
been = I had been
I’ve
been = I have been
Perlu diketahui bahwa
singkatan dalam penulisan tidak semua nya berarti sama, kita harus menyesuaikan
dengan konteks kalimat yang ada. Coba bandingkan contoh di bawah ini:
I’d been here = I had
been here (‘d + TO BE 3 / VERB 3 = Past Perfect)
I’d like = I would
like (‘d + VERB 1 = would)
16.
Simple Future Tense / Present Future Tense
Simple
Future Tense atau Present Future Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau kegiatan yang akan terjadi dimasa akan datang.
Rumus dan Contoh
Kalimat Simple Future Tense
Mengekspresikan
kalimat Simple Future Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja (VERB)
(+)Subject + WILL / SHALL + Verb 1 +
Object
(-)Subject + WILL / SHALL +
NOT + Verb 1 + Object
(?)WILL / SHALL + Subject + Verb
1 + Object ?
(?)Question Word + WILL / SHALL +
Subject + Verb 1 ?
Contoh :
(+)She will go to Paris tomorrow.
(-)She will not (won't) go to Paris
tomorrow.
(?)Will she go to paris tomorrow ?
Jawaban: Yes She will, atau She,
will not (won't)
(?)When will she go to Paris?
Who will come here?
Mengekspresikan
kalimat Simple Future Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja (NON VERB)
(+)Subject + WILL / SHALL + be + Non
Verb + Object
(-)Subject + WILL / SHALL +
NOT + be + Non Verb + Object
(?)WILL / SHALL + Subject + be +
Non Verb + Object ?
(?)Question Word + WILL/SHALL +
Subject + be + Non Verb + Object ?
Contoh :
(+)He will be alone tomorrow.
(-)He will not (won't) be alone
tomorrow.
(?)Will he be alone tomorrow?
Jawaban: Yes he will, atau No,
she will not (won't)
(?)When will he be in Las Vegas?
Why will you be here tomorrow night?
Menggunakan "To Be Going To"
Pola kalimat verbal Simple Future Tense dapat diganti dengan kalimat yang menggunakan to be + going to untuk menggantikan shall dan will.
Rumus dan Contoh
Kalimat menggunakan "To Be Going To"
(+)Subject + To be + going to + Verb 1
+ Object
(-)Subject + To be + Not + going to +
Verb 1 + Object
(?)To be + Subject + going to + Verb
1 + Object ?
(?)Question Word + To be + Subject +
going to + verb 1 +?
Contoh :
(+)I am going to read a newspaper
tomorrow.
(-)I am not going to read a newspaper
tomorrow.
(?)Are you going to read a newspaper tomorrow?
What are you going to read?
(?)Who is going to come here tomorrow?
Untuk informasi
selengkapnya, silahkan baca juga mengenai fungsi dan penggunaan Will and To Be Going To, semoga bermanfaat.
Keterangan waktu untuk
Simple Future Tense yang digunakan adalah:
tomorrow morning,
tomorrow night, next week, next year and so on.
